英语时态“过去将来完成时”

过去将来完成时表示从过去观点看将来某时某动作已完成。在英语时态中，“时“指动作发生的时间，”态“指动作的样子和状态。

若表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，此时条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，而主句谓语则通常用过去将来完成时（would+have+过去分词），当然，主句谓语也可根据情况使用“should(could,might)+have+过去分词”。

这个时态用得相对比较少，通常主要用于转述方面，即用于第三、四类条件句及间接引语中。

时态用法

表示从过去某一时间来看将来某时会已经完成的动作：

如：

1:I thought Sophia would have told you something;

我想索菲娅会告诉你一些事情。

2:He knew by the time he arrived she would have gone home;

在他到时他才知道她已经回家了。

3:The day was drawing near when we would have completed the reservoir;

我们建成水库的日子不远了。

4:He said he would have done with my camera by the end of next month;

他说到下月底就不用我的照相机了。

5:I guessed that Mother would have made some sandwiches by the time we got back.

我猜我们回来时妈妈已经做好一些三明治了。

用于虚拟语气中：

若表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，此时条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，而主句谓语则通常用过去将来完成时（would+have+过去分词），当然，主句谓语也可根据情况使用“should(could,might)+have+过去分词”。

如：

1:If I’d left sooner,I'd have been on time;

要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)

2:If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life;

要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了)

3:If I had known that you were coming I would have met you at the air-port;

要是我早知道你要来的话，我就会在机场接你了。

4:If he had lived,some day Michael would have done something important;

假定麦克尔当时在世的话，他本可做出了不起的事。

5:If I had known how he felt,I would never have let him adopt those children;

我要是知道他的想法，我是决不会让他领养那些孩子的。

6:He would have forgotten the boy’s birthday if you hadn’t reminded him;

要不是你提醒他，他会忘记这男孩的生日的。

7:Our lives would have been greatly impoverished if we had not known our dear friend;

若不是得识我们这位好朋友，我们的生活一定十分不妙。

“would+have+过去分词”的情态用法：

would后接完成式除用于构成过去将来完成时外，它还有其情态动词用法的一面。

如：

1:Only somebody with a small mind would have refused to help;

只有心胸狭窄的人才不肯帮助别人。（表推测）

2:Few men would have bared their soul to a woman as he had;

很少有男人能像他一样对一个女人敞开心扉。（表怀疑）

3:I’m surprised you didn’t like the film.I would have thought it was just your kind of thing;

你不喜欢这部电影，这让我感到奇怪。我本来还觉得正对你的路呢。（表过去的想法）

4:My father would have driven me to Cornwall,but we decided it would be quicker by train;

父亲原本要开车送我去康沃尔，但我们还是觉得坐火车更快。（表过去的想法）

5:The scar added interest to a face that otherwise would have appeared too bland.

这处伤疤为本显得平淡无奇的脸增添了些吸引力。（表示未曾发生的情况）