过去完成进行时(The Past Perfect Progressive)

　　过去完成进行时(The Past Perfect Progressive)强调动作从过去的过去开始一直延续到过去某个时间点。在过去某个时间点时，这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能仍然在进行。在英语时态中，“时“指动作发生的时间，”态“指动作的样子和状态。

　　放在间接引语或虚拟语气中时它的时态不能再向前推，向后推是现在完成进行时。

　　基本结构

　　had+been+动词-ing

　　构成

　　过去完成进行时是由"had been+动词ing"构成。在英语时态中，“时“指动作发生的时间，”态“指动作的样子和状态。

　　She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。

　　They had been expecting the news for some time?他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？

　　Rafael was scolded even though he hadn't been doing anything wrong.尽管拉斐尔没做什么错事，但他还是挨骂了。

　　特别含义

　　尚未完成：He had been writing the novel．（他还没有写完这本小说）

　　企图：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb．（他一直在努力学习它）

　　未得结果：We had been studying what our enemy had said．（但我们不能理解）

　　最近情况：He had been quarreling with his wife．（近来）

　　情绪：What had he been doing？（不耐烦）

　　主要特点

　　这种时态很少用在否定句中，而多以过去完成时代替：

　　He had not practised English for many years．（普通说法）

　　He had not been practising English for many years．（少见）

　　这种时态还可用在said，supposed等引起的间接引语中，代替现在完成进行时：

　　He said:“I have been speaking to John."=He said that he had been speaking to John．

　　He thought:“She was watching me when I passed．”=He thought that she had been watching him when he had passed．

　　过去完成进行时经常与现在完成进行时混淆。

　　现在完成进行时(The present perfect progressive)由have/has been+-ing分词构成；

　　过去完成进行时（The past perfect progressive tenses）由had been+-ing分词构成．

　　现在/过去完成进行时的用法：

　　A.在某段时间内一直进行的动作用现在完成进行时来强调动作在某段时间里的持续性．动作通常有"现在"的结果，要根据上下文来确定到"现在"为止，动作是否还在继续进行．同样，过去完成进行时表示在过去更早时间内进行的动作,并对过去某一时刻产生结果。

　　B.表示重复动作的现在/过去完成进行时

　　我们也可以用完成进行时形式来表示现在或过去经常重复的动作

　　注意：过去完成进行时和过去完成时类似，需要有过去这一时间段

　　用法

　　表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。I had been looking for it for days before I found it.这东西我找了好多天才找着的。They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.他们只等了一会儿车就来了。

　　表示反复的动作。He had been mentioning your name to me.他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。You had been giving me everything.你对我真是有求必应。

　　常用于间接引语中The doctor asked what he had been eating.医生问他吃了什么。I asked where they had been staying all those days.我问他们那些天是呆在哪儿的。

　　接具有“突然”之意when句。I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。I had been sleeping when my friend telephoned me.我正在睡觉时，我的朋友给我打电话。

　　时态比较

　　过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近，它通常表示某个过去正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，一直持续到之后才结束

　　He had been waiting for two weeks．He was still waiting．（有一个表示一段时间的状语）

　　他已经等了两个星期。他还在等。

　　Up to that time he had been translating those books．直到那时他一直在翻译这些书。

　　He had been writing the letter till two o'clock．他一直在写那封信到两点钟。

　　He was thirty years old．He had been gambling since he was ten．（He was still gambling at thirty．）

　　他三十岁。他从十岁开始就一直在赌博。（三十岁的他仍然赌博。）

　　He had been standing there in the sun．（没有时间状语）

　　他一直站在太阳底下。

　　He had been thinking about his marriage．（没有时间状语）

　　他一直在对他的婚姻思考。

　　不过这种时态并不一定表示这个过去动作将持续下去：

　　He came back at seven．He had been waiting for her two hours．（At seven he did not wait any more．）

　　他在七点回来了。他等了她两个小时。（在七点时，他不想再等了。）

　　He stopped swimming．He had been swimming for the last three hours．他停止了游泳。他已经在过去的三小时内游泳。